L'impatto Delle Attività Degli Attori Esterni Nell'affetto Durata Della Guerra Civile In Siria

Amber Balinda

Authors

Amber Balinda Centre of Youth Adis Ababa, Ethiopia

Keywords:

guerra civile, regime di Assad, attore regionale, attore internazionale e attore transnazionale

Abstract

Questa ricerca mira a esplorare ulteriormente la guerra civile che sta avvenendo in Siria. Questo documento si interroga fondamentalmente, perché la guerra civile in Siria è diventata un conflitto armato prolungato? O ci sono altri fattori che rafforzano la forza della loro resistenza? Questa ricerca offre una novità della ricerca sulla situazione di questo conflitto, è che la prolungata guerra civile in Siria non è causata solo da condizioni interne, ma anche dal coinvolgimento di attori esterni. Come con l'approccio di David E. Cunningham (2010), il coinvolgimento di attori esterni nella guerra civile produce due possibilità, vale a dire; diventare un facilitatore negoziale e aiutare una delle parti a vincere. Questa ricerca rivela che il coinvolgimento degli interventi di attori esterni – regionali, internazionali e transnazionali – di fatto prolunga il conflitto. Questo perché il coinvolgimento di attori esterni provoca l'aggiunta di combattenti nel conflitto, quindi aumenta la preferenza nel conflitto.

References

Aljazeera. (2015, August 18). Almost quarter of a million people' dead in Syria war. Retrieved March 18, 2017, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/08/quarter-million-people-dead-syria-war-150807093941704.html

Alsharif, A. (2012, June 23). Saudi Arabia and Qatar funding Syrian rebels. Retrieved April 2, 2017, from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-saudi/saudi-arabia-and-qatar-funding-syrian-rebels-idUSBRE85M07820120623

Amnesty International. (2016, February 3). Syria's refugee crisis in numbers. Retrieved April 4, 2017, from https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/02/syrias-refugee-crisis-in-numbers/

Bagdonas, A. (2012). Interest in Syrian Conflict: Power, Prestige, and Profit Power, Prestige, and Proft. European Journal of Economic and Political Studies , 55-77.

Barfi, B. (2016, January 24). The Real Reason Why Iran Backs Syria. Retrieved April 2, 2017, from : https://nationalinterest.org/feature/the-real-reason-why-iran-backs-syria-14999

Barmin, Y. (n.d.). A Short History of Syria’s Brutal First Family. Retrieved December 16, 2016, from https://mic.com/articles/62771/a-short-history-of-syria-s-brutal-first-family#.TgA5p6x20

Basma, A., & Strohecker, K. (2015, November 15). Saudi Arabia to continue support Syrian rebels if Assad does not leave. Retrieved 3 April, 2017, from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-saudi/saudi-arabia-to-continue-support-syrian-rebels-if-assad-does-not-leave-idUSKCN0T31A320151114

Bassam, L., & Perry, T. (2015, November 7). Saudi Arabia's 'intensified' support to Syrian rebels is reportedly slowing regime advances. Retrieved April 3, 2017, from https://www.businessinsider.com/saudi-arabias-intensified-support-to-syrian-rebels-is-reportedly-slowing-regime-advances-2015-11?IR=T

Cafarella, J., Heras, N. A., & Casagrande, G. (2016, September 1). Al Qaeda Is Gaining Strength in Syria. Retrieved April 19, 2017, from https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/01/al-qaeda-is-gaining-strength-in-syria/

Cafiero, G., & Wagner, D. (2015, November 8). U.S. and Iranian Interests in Syria. Retrieved April 8, 2017, from http://intpolicydigest.org/2015/11/08/u-s-and-iranian-interests-in-syria/

Cassidy, J. (2015, November 3). America's Vital Interests in Syria. Retrieved April 8, 2017, from https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/americas-vital-interests-in-syria

Collier, P., Hoeffler, A., & Rohner, D. (2009). Beyond Greed and Grievance: Feasibility and Civil War. Oxford Economic Papers , 61 (1), 1-27.

Cunningham, D. E. (2010). Blocking resolution: How external states can prolong civil wars. Journal of Peace Research , 47 (2), 115-127.

Fulton, W., Holliday, J., & Wyer, S. (2013, May). Iranian Strategy In Syria. Retrieved 2 April, 2017, from http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/IranianStrategyinSyria-1MAY.pdf

Gleditsch, K. S. (2007). Transnational Dimensions of Civil War. Journal of Peace Research , 44(3), 293-309.

Issa, A. (2016, October 13). Is War in Syria is America Interest? Retrieved April 7, 2017, from http://nationalinterest.org/feature/war-syria-americas-interest-18037?page=2

Lister, C. (2015, May 31). An internal struggle: Al Qaeda’s Syrian affiliate is grappling with its identity. Retrieved April 22, 2017, from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/markaz/2015/05/31/an-internal-struggle-al-qaedas-syrian-affiliate-is-grappling-with-its-identity/

Lister, C. (2016, November 26). The Free Syrian Army: A decentralized insurgent brand. Retrieved March 13, 2018, from https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/iwr_20161123_free_syrian_army1.pdf

O'bagy, E. (2012). Jihad In Syria. Washington DC: Institute for the Study of War.

Pakhomov, N. (2015, November 18). What Does Russia Really Want in Syria? Retrieved April 5, 2017, from http://nationalinterest.org/feature/what-does-russia-really-want-syria-14375?page=2

Rafizadeh, M. (n.d.). The Syrian Civil War: Four Concentric Forces of Tensions. Retrieved

March 17, 2017, from https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7008&context=etd

Regan, P. M., & Norton, D. (2005). Greed, Grievance, and Mobilization in Civil Wars. The Journal of Conflict Resolution , 49 (3), 319-336.

Rodgers, L., Gritten, D., Offer, J., & Asare, P. (n.d.). Syria: The story of the conflict. Retrieved December 16, 2016, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868

Stewart, P., & Holton, K. (2015, October 9). U.S. pulls plug on Syria rebel training effort; will focus on weapons supply. Retrieved April 12, 2017, from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-usa/u-s-pulls-plug-on-syria-rebel-training-effort-will-focus-on-weapons-supply-idUSKCN0S31BR20151009

The Guardian. (n.d.). Like dictator, like son: how the Assads maintain a tight grip on power.

Retrieved March 17, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/14/dictator-son-assad-grip-power

Valenta, J., & Valenta, L. F. (2016). Why Putin Wants Syria. Middle East Quarterly , 23 (2).